An iGPU (integrated graphics processing unit) is a graphics chip that lives on the same piece of silicon as your computer's main processor, or CPU. It shares the system's memory instead of having its own dedicated video memory.
Most modern laptops and many desktop computers use iGPUs because they're cheaper and more power-efficient than adding a separate graphics card. Intel calls theirs Iris or UHD Graphics. AMD uses Radeon or Vega branding for theirs.
Real-world performance: An iGPU handles everyday tasks well: web browsing, video playback, office work, and light photo editing. It's not suitable for demanding 3D gaming or professional video rendering. When you play a moderately complex game or render video, an iGPU will be noticeably slower than a discrete graphics card.
What to look for when buying: Check the specific iGPU model in a laptop's specs. Entry-level Intel UHD Graphics 630 suits office work. Higher-tier options like Intel Iris Xe or AMD Radeon 680M give you better gaming performance. If gaming, 3D work, or video production matters to you, seek a machine with a separate graphics card instead.
The trade-off is simple: iGPUs save money and battery life, but cost you graphics performance. Choose based on what you actually do with your computer.